We review modelling techniques for this important equipment item used in Air Separation and other cryogenic processes. (Written by David Limb and Richard Clarke.)

We review the Adsorption process - an important technology used in cryogenics.

Here we explore in more detail work expansion as the default refrigeration solution for very low temperature industrial cryogenic processes.

In this, the second of 4 parts, we introduce Joule-Thomson refrigeration developed from the insights of Lord Kelvin, after whom the absolute temperature scale is named.

The Joule-Thomson or Joule-Kelvin effect is discussed in more detail in this 3rd of a 4-part article.

In this, the first of 4 parts, we introduce the basic process for providing refrigeration.

For those less familiar with the terminology and concepts of cryogenics and cryogenic heat transfer or heat exchangers this article provides some background and context.

Following on from the introductory article - Distillation Fundamentals, we delve into some basic methods used in distillation column process design.

Lets try to answer this fundamental question – what is gas Processing, and why do it?

A cryogenic process operates well below ambient temperature. The article introduces some terminology and concepts of cryogenic engineering.

‘Pressure’ has entered everyday language, as an analogy to help us describe something. In science it’s a key physical ‘property’ of the state of a fluid.

The ability to ‘model’ a chemical process is a powerful tool in design, operations and troubleshooting.

Most resources are finite. We often face a choice between competing demands for a resource. A logical approach may help.

Distillation is a key technology for separating a mixture into its chemical constituents. We introduce some distillation basics for the non-specialist.

As a project design develops, safety studies such as HAZOP are vital but very time consuming. A new approach is proposed.

Hydrogen is a unique substance. We examine some of the pros and cons of its use as a fuel.

Exergy is not a ‘typo’ but a powerful concept - a tool to ensure the best use of energy.

We describe a process developed and succesfully deployed for Helium recovery from natural gas and its subsequent purification and liquefaction.

This article is as written in the spring of 2020 at the start of the initial wave of the Covid-19 pandemic in Europe.